The Citizens Council on Human Relations (CCHR) was incorporated as a non-profit organization on September 19, 1963. Newton Garver was one of the 30 original directors and a signer of the certificate of incorporation, and was the first Executive Secretary. At the time of incorporation, some of CCHR's stated purposes included: "to foster and promote improvement of relations between minority groups and the community at large," "to prevent discrimination against persecution of any person," "to work toward equal opportunity for all citizens, regardless of race or creed, in employment, housing," "to work toward equal access to services for all," and "to foster integration in educational institutions throughout the Niagara Frontier."

In February 1964, a brochure summarized these purposes in one aim: "to deal sensibly and urgently with a problem which has become a national crisis - that of the demand of Negro and other minority groups to share fully in the life of their city, state and nation." At the same time, CCHR explained its method: "to investigate areas where minorities do not participate fully, to find out why not, and to bring about harmonious solutions strengthening the fabric of the whole community."

Membership in CCHR is open to any citizens of New York State. It is governed by a board of 30 directors, through its executive officers and an executive committee. In addition to a Ways and Means Committee, which deals with finance and public relations, there are three standing committees: education - which works at furthering integration, improving educational opportunities and stimulating school programs which foster better human relations; employment - which seeks to expand the range of job opportunities open to African-American and other minority groups; and housing - which seeks to ensure that members of minority groups can live where they choose.

The Council meets at least once annually; the board of directors at least quarterly. The officers consist of two co-Chairmen, an Executive Secretary, a Corresponding Secretary, and a Treasurer.